The resu lts of a series o f progeny tests showed that “dragon15” (Cunninghamia lanceolata ) had the charac??ters of rapid grow th, exce llent quality and h igh resistance. Though a series of exploring experiments bymeans of poly??acrylam ide gel electrophoresis techn ique, 5 a llozyme systems, amounting to 7 allozyme loc,i w ere found ou:t GOT-1,GOT-2, GOT-3, FDH, MNR-2, ME,α-amylase. Genetic types of severa lChinese fir parents in b iclona l seed orchardof 11??year??old were conf irmed by use of allozyme technique. The resu lts indicated there was a obv ious re lationship be??tw een o ffspring? s performances of parent c lones and its heterozygous locus numbers. The genet ic foundation o f bio??chem istry that the offspring of “dragon15” had rap id g row th , ex cellent quality and h igh resistance is because it pos??sessed more heterozygous numbers: 5 of 7 a llozyme loci in tota:l GOT-1, GOT-2, GOT-3, FDH, MNR-2. The hetero??zygous locus numbers cou ld be used to early identification and early selection.

对4片定植于浙江和江西两地的全同胞试验林进行调查,评选出的若干优良杂交组合,进行重复制种和区域 化造林试验。于2001年11月份调查了遂昌试点3年生的杉木全同胞试验林,测定树高,地径,轮盘数,冠幅和成活 率5个性状,经过方差分析,方差一协方差分析和综合指数分析,初步评出9702(龙15×1339);9706(1419×1339); 9703(龙15×闽33)3个全同胞家系,其表聊突出,3年生树高超过223 cm,同时适应性也强,造林成活率在97.9％ 以上,值得在浙江省南部类似地区推广应用。

The three main economic traits of DBH, DBH of dominant tree and wood basic density of dominant tree in 13-year-old progeny stand from the second-generation seed orchards of Chinese fir in Changle of Yuhang district, Zhejiang province were analyzed. The results showed that three economic traits were highly significant on each trait among the families, and their broad heritability was high. The genetic correlation coefficient was weakly negative correlated among growth traits and wood basic density. The correlation coefficient was significant positive correlated among 3-year-old tree height, 7-year-old tree height and DBH, 13-year-old DBH. Ten better families and individual plants were selected in interim period by index method with two traits of DBH and wood basic density, keeping wood basic density unchanged to compared with experiment population, the average DBHs of the family and individual plant were 7.59% and 59.16% higher than the experiment population respectively.

In order to shorten the breeding cycle of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) clone, and select good clones with stronger tolerance to barrenness, in the light of 31 clones, artificial design nutrient environments, the experiment was carried out according to two factors randomized blocks, 8 individuals (in 8 cups) in each plot. After the experiment finished, the height and diameter at base of seedling were measured on entire experiment. The other traits such as the aboveground biomass, the underground biomass, the total biomass, the root-shoot ratio and the entire P content of individual have been measured according to sampling method. The results of statistical analysis showed that: (1)There were obvious differences among the clones in all the traits besides root-shoot ratio; (2)Obvious differences in all the traits existed under different nutrient stress and different sites conditions among different clones; (3)The interaction of clone × nutrient coercion processing was complex; (4)The research traits showed a certain variation and repeatability over intermediate level. Based on the variance analysis (fixed model), the PCA selection index under different situations was derived and obtained. Using certain selected intensity, 13 outstanding clones were evaluated from the entire experiment. Among them 7 clones were anti-phosphorus and the anti-potassium lack (happy nitrogenous fertilizer) clones, 7 clones were anti-phosphorus lack (happy nitrogen potassium fertilizer) clones, 8 fine clones were selected under normal nutrient management (happy nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium), there were 5 fine clones with good performance, and simultaneously very stable under all kind of conditions. These clones may be applied to field tests.

目的 研究杉木杂种F1的基因表达模式，从基因表达水平揭示杂种优势形成分子机理，为杉木杂种深度开发利用提供参考依据。 方法 采用Illumina HiSeq4000高通量测序技术对不同生长势的杉木杂种（龙15×1339）HF1（3个超亲杂种）、LF2（3个低亲杂种）及其亲本进行转录组测序和差异比较。利用无参转录组分析，先将测序reads进行de novo拼接，组装获得unigenes和transcripts，然后进行功能注释、差异表达等项目分析。 结果 12个样本，转录组测序共产生Clean reads5.8E+08条，总拼接长度49 803 726 pb，BLASTX分析，比对结果产生80 171个基因。韦恩图揭示基因在上下代间的传递模式有5种：（1）双亲可表达但杂种中不表达（双亲共沉默型）；（2）只在双亲之一中表达，不在杂种中表达（亲本特异表达型）；（3）只在杂种中表达，不在双亲中表达（杂种特异表达型）；（4）在杂种和一个亲本中表达（单亲表达一致型）；（5）在双亲和杂种中都表达。在HF1VSP1比较组中，筛选出236个不同差异表达的基因；在HF1VSP2比较组中，筛选出505个差异表达基因。在LF2VSP1中，筛选出1 483个差异表达基因；在LF2VSP2中筛选出了2 335个差异表达基因。从亲代和子代不同样本组间，各挑选出100个左右差异表达极显著的基因，采用其表达量进行热聚类分析，得到不同的聚类块，聚类块内的基因表达量在父母本间是互补的，说明杉木杂种优势分子机理是超显性；聚类块有大小之别，则说明杉木有些性状是寡基因控制，有些性状是多基因控制；杉木生长的超亲优势是龙15中下调而在超亲子代中上调的这14个基因决定的。 结论 杉木杂种优势的分子机理是超显性，杉木超亲杂种高生产力与14个上调基因有关，环境显著刺激了这14个基因的上调表达，从而促进生长优势的产生。

杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.]双系种子园有一个突出的问题就是近交的机率较大,为此有必要展开杂交制种技术的研究。去雄是众多降低近交方法中的一种,由于人工去雄花费昂贵且效益低,探索化学去雄的方法是必要的。化学去雄是在植物花粉发育过程中,施加化学药物处理,以阻止花粉的形成,抑制花粉的正常发育或迫使其失去生命力。化学去雄在农作物以及果树遗传育种中有着十分广泛的应用。但在林木育种中,国内外关于化学去雄方面的研究报道十分少见。